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Needless confusion created by Hadith on Quranic term "smoke" in Verse 44:10

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Author Topic: Needless confusion created by Hadith on Quranic term "smoke" in Verse 44:10  (Read 947 times)
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Zainab_M
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« on: April 21, 2010, 01:49:47 am »

The focus of attention is Verse 10 of Surah Ad-Dukhan (The Smoke), 44th chapter of the Glorious Quran.  However, to maintain the rhythm of the topic for a better understanding, I'll quote the preceding and a few of its following verses as well.
 
- Nay, but they play in doubt.  (44:9)
- But watch thou (O Muhammad) for the day when the sky will produce visible smoke  (44:10)
- That will envelop the people. This will be a painful torment. (44:11)
- (Then they will say): Our Lord relieve us of the torment. Lo! we are believers.  (44:12)


The widespread traditional interpretation of the term "smoke" in Verse 10 that's being circulated since long is said to be a future reference to a haze of dust surrounding Makkah during its conquest.  But neither Verse 44:10, nor any other contents of the Quran, nor any historical data give a reason to presume such weather hazards occuring in Makkah at that time. 

Verse 44:9-12 of Surah Ad-Dukhan as quoted above are self-explanatory and crystal clear.  Reading these verses with the bit of concentration makes it simple enough to understand that the term "dukhan" or "smoke" in Verse 10 refers directly to one of the occurences on the Last Day and is descriptive of the earth's final destruction.  Quite evidently, the word "smoke" does not mean (doesn't even hint upon) any such weather hazards as a dust storm or cloud of haze restricted within the boundaries of a certain town or village.

So, where did this idea of dust and haze surrounding Makkah pop up in all traditional tafsirs by our imams and "scholars?"  It's an easy guess.  The sources are three conflicting and downright unauthentic Ahadith. 

Mr. Syyed Maududi's tafheem contains quite a rich collection of tall stories.

Version 1
There's a story narrated by someone named Masruq.  He was a student of Abdullah bin Masud, both carrying the standard title of "sahabah."   Masruq is reported to have said that some preacher in Kufah told him that "smoke" in V.44:10 refers to the Day of Resurrection which will make disbelievers and hypocrites blind and deaf, but believers will be only catch a cold.  Masruq did not agree so he went to his mentor, Abdullah bin Masud and told him what the preacher had said.  Abdullah Ibn Masud also disagreed with the Kufah preacher and came up with a different version.

Version 2
According to Ibn Masud, the Prophet (SAAW) prayed to Allah to strike the people of Makkah with famine as an admonishment for their belligerence and disobedience.   Allah granted the Prophet's prayer and famine spread in Makkah.  It got so bad that when the people looked up in the sky they could see nothing but smoke  because of the severity of hunger.  Finally the Makkan leaders were compelled to come to the Prophet, requesting him to pray to Allah to remove this calamity.  This story has been compiled by several imams and there are various narrators in addition to Masruq who claim to have heard Ibn Masud mention it. The compilers are Bukhari, Tirmidhi, Nasai, Ahmad and a few others.  The narrators other than Masruq are supposed to be Qatadah, Asim, Amir, Ibrahim Nakhai, Dahhak and a few more.  But all this is pretty irrelevant.  Common sense says that this portrayal is completely out of context with the Quranic Verses, having no bearing on the explanation of the term "smoke" in Verse 44:10.

Version 3
There's a third opinion from within Hadith itself.   According to reports, persons such as Ibn 'Umar, Ibn 'Abbas, Abu Said Khudri, Zaid bin 'AIi, and Hasan Basri are of the opinion that the term "smoke" does indeed refer to the Day of Resurrection.  But here's the shocking part of it.  Instead of depending on the obvious clarity of the Quran to conclude this, they reportedly derive their conclusion from yet another Hadith from Muslim narrated by Hudhaifah bin Asid al-Ghifari which says

(Quote)
One day when we were talking about Resurrection, the Holy Prophet came out to us and said: "Resurrection will not be established till ten Signs have appeared one after the other: Rising of the sun in the west, smoke, the beast, emergence of God and Magog, descent of Jesus son of Mary, sinking of the earth in the East, in the West and in the Arabian Peninsula, and the appearance of a fire from Yaman, which will drive the people away."
(Unquote)

Mr. Maududi further adds "This is confirmed by Abu Malik Ashari's tradition which has been related by Ibn Jarir and Tabarani, and Abu Said Khudri's tradition which has been related by Ibn Abi Hatim. Both these traditions show that the Holy Prophet regarded the smoke as one of the Signs of Resurrection and also said that when that smoke will spread, it will affect the believer only like a cold, but will infuse every nerve of the disbeliever and come out from every part of his body."

I'm sure one doesn't need to be a genius to sense that this Hadith is complete rubbish.    Even though the term "smoke" does refer to the Day of Resurrection in Verse 44:10, Hudaifa's Hadith is deeply flawed. 

A quick analysis of the three versions of narrations
Maududi rejects the explanation of "smoke" given by Abdullah ibn Masud, accepts the one by Hudaifa al-Ghifari and mixes it up with the one given by the Kufah imam.  Maududi doesn't approve of the story of Ibn Masud because the Quran does not say the sky brought forth the smoke, rather it says of the Day when the sky will appear with visible smoke.  That is correct.  But here are the Hadith conjecture and contradiction of the Glorious Quran. 
 
First off, surely hypocrites will be deceived on the Day of Resurrection, which will prove the sins of their own denials and disbelief.  Believers will rejoice on that Day.  The Quran does not mention that "dukhan" will be the cause of blindness and deafness to hypocrites and a common cold to believers.   Therefore, the Prophet (SAAW) would never make such presumptions based on his own imagination.  Guessworks like these carry the hallmarks of phoney Hadiths which we can recognize as easily as the back of our hands.
 
Secondly, while the term "dukhan" does refer to the description of the Day of Judgment, it has no connections with Hudaifa's narration for the simple reason that the Prophet (SAAW) never uttered anything about the signs of Qaiamah.  The Prophet did NOT know the future and he had absolutely NO idea about the signs or catastrophes of Doomsday.  The Quran confirms that NO ONE knows the future including the Prophet, and in conformity with that, the Prophet NEVER made any furture predictions.

"And he is not avid of the Unseen."  (81:24)  At-Takwir

"They ask thee of the Hour: when will it come to port ?
Why (ask they) ? What hast thou to tell thereof ?
Unto thy Lord belongeth (knowledge of) the term thereof.
Thou art but a warner unto him who feareth it."   79:42-45 An-Naziaat


The above verses of the Glorious Quran have flatly refuted all those Hadiths that falsely portray the Prophet (SAAW) as a 'fortune teller.'


The latest construction by our story-tellers of today
Some modern day tafsir writers have stretched the meaning of "smoke" from this false Hadith by Hudaifa as far as "environmental pollution."  According to them "smoke" in this Hadith refers to contaminants in the environment as one of the signs of Qaimah .. and thus the term "smoke" in Verse 44:10 also means the same.   This kind of thoroughly unsupportive information is unacceptable. 
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Heba E. Husseyn
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« Reply #1 on: April 22, 2010, 02:29:52 am »

Hummmm, I recall you did put up this topic earlier too (this one) but more briefly, only to underscore that "smoke or dukhan" means the Day of Resurrection.  It's interesting to read the twists & turns of Hadith and how much the ulemas like Maududi and most others depend on these twists & turns for their tafsirs rather than the clear elucidations of the Noble Quran's method of expression.

I  too agree that the Quran makes it perfectly clear that the reference is to the Day of Resurrection.  There's no need to go into the details as to how that smoke will be created.  That's the Unseen knowledge belonging to Allah alone and it must be left to Him.  When the time comes, He will let us know, if He so Wills.

In regard to that "latest construction by our story tellers of today" .....

Concentrating on V.44:10 (without the interference of the Hadith), Allah is implying to one of the awesome and frightening spectacles of the Final Day leading to earth's destruction.  The problem is that most of us, humans, fail to perceive the depth of this infinite devastation.  We only think on the basis of our limited earthly knowledge.  While Allah knows best, in all likelihood 'causes and symptoms' of the End of times will be connected with stimulants from the solar system or the heavens well beyond planet earth.  Hence the causes and forces behind the horrific scenario of the Last Day will be a lot more serious and intimidating than the outcome of global pollution.  Compared to the forces destroying the earth on the Last Day, issues like pollution of earth's environment, emission of greenhouse gases etc. will seem very trivial.
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« Reply #2 on: April 22, 2010, 02:39:23 am »

Hummmm, I recall you did put up this topic earlier too (this one) but more briefly, only to underscore that "smoke or dukhan" means the Day of Resurrection. 

Yes, that's correct.  At that time I didn't know about these Hadiths, one of them being the source of the incorrect idea of "haze or dust" and the other two also faulty in their own different ways.


I  too agree that the Quran makes it perfectly clear that the reference is to the Day of Resurrection.  There's no need to go into the details as to how that smoke will be created.  That's the Unseen knowledge belonging to Allah alone and it must be left to Him.  When the time comes, He will let us know, if He so Wills.

Absolutely correct.  No doubt about that.



Concentrating on V.44:10 (without the interference of the Hadith), Allah is implying to one of the awesome and frightening spectacles of the Final Day leading to earth's destruction.  The problem is that most of us, humans, fail to perceive the depth of this infinite devastation.  We only think on the basis of our limited earthly knowledge.  While Allah knows best, in all likelihood 'causes and symptoms' of the End of times will be connected with stimulants from the solar system or the heavens well beyond planet earth.  Hence the causes and forces behind the horrific scenario of the Last Day will be a lot more serious and intimidating than the outcome of global pollution.  Compared to the forces destroying the earth on the Last Day, issues like pollution of earth's environment, emission of greenhouse gases etc. will seem very trivial.

SubhanAllah, very well said, sister.  This is exactly the situation of the minds of our scholars.  They look at things thru a very narrow prism, only what their own limited minds can comprehend.  
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« Reply #3 on: April 22, 2010, 02:43:14 am »

Actually I had read of these Hadithes before but I didn't know that they were being used as explanations for V. 44:10.  Thanks for this info.  Every wrong explanation of something as important as the Quran is something to beware of.
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