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Significance of Huroof-Muqataat (حروفمقطعات)

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Ruhi_Rose
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« on: December 27, 2014, 03:05:49 pm »

Wa'salam dear Sister Heb  Smiley   Interesting, interesting, yar!  Smiley

My knowledge on this topic was brief.  It's now pretty comprehensible.  But it's most important to remember that the conclusion rests with Allah.  The thing I'm most eager to avoid is speculations developing into gossips and then into stories and then masquerading as "Islam."  You've put it very well Sis.  Combined with Sister Zeynab's re-cap, it's quite clear that what we have are simply opinions. 

Let me also mention, the Hadith has interfered into this issue as well.  Have any of you read the article "Disjoined letters in the Quran" by Pervez Khan.  I have no idea who he is.  But I read this piece by him long ago, the link sent via a relative's email.  He mentions several views, all based on Hadith.

(1)  According to a 12th century Sunni Persian theologian, Fakhraddin Razi, since the Quran is a Book of guidance thus Allah will not put anything that we will not understand.  However, Razi has missed out on the diversity or versatility of Quranic contents.  The Quran contains hukum or commandments which constitute guidance, it contains historical narrations in full, it also contains similar narrations in part, it contains biographies of former Prophets but only as much as Allah wants us to know and it contains several aspects which Allah has preferred not to disclose e.g. details about the human soul and how Allah preserves it after death, the precise date in the month of Ramadan when the Quran began being revealed, the exact number of Prophets sent and several other similar points.  Similarly, Muqataat might also be one of those aspects which Allah does not want to disclose to us.  Only He knows best.   I think the reason why Razi came up with his opinion was because he wanted to push ahead with speculations.

(2)  According to Tabari's tafsir Ibn Abbas said alif lam meem
 stands for  Ana Allahu A’lam  (I, Allah, Know).  In other words this tafsir says that Muqataat are abbreviations.  In Surah Al-A’raf  Alif lam mim sad  means I, Allah, am the best Knower, the Truthful. Sad  stands for Sadiq, meaning Truthful, Whose promise would not fail, or for  Afsal, the Best Decider, or for Sabur, meaning the Patient God Who gives respite to the wicked. More such abbreviations are given at the end of the article.  Now, we all know that Allah knows everything, that He is the Most Truthful, His promise never fails, He is Most Patient who bears with the wrongdoers until a fixed time.  But there is no concrete evidence for connecting the above Muqataat with these Divine qualities.  Tabari has obviously picked up the sounds of the alphabets and connected them with words involving those alphabets.

(3)  Another opinion of Razi is that Muqataat is to confuse the disbelievers.  Again, Razi has presented no rational argument nor any compelling evidence connecting his opinion with Muqataat.

(4)  Yasir Qazi, a modern Pakistani "scholar" claims that the purpose of Muqataat is to tell the Arabs that the Quran is in their language using the same Arabic letters. 

(5)  A 10th century Imam named Baqillani said that Muqataat is meant to prove the miracle of the Quran, quoting him:  “These letters are exactly half the alphabet, as if it’s being said; Whoever presumes that the Quran is not a miracle, let him take the other half and form a speech that can compete with the Quran.”  But I really don't see the connection Baqillani mentions.  We all know Quran is a miracle for which we don't need to understand the Muqataat.   I don't know how this Imam has connected the aspect of Muqataat with miracle.  They never explain what they mean properly except for a collection of disjoined words making their opinions look inexplicable or garbled.

(6)  And finally this is the only point that made sense.  According to Ibn Kathir's tafsir, Abu Bakr, Umar, Usman and Ali all agreed and said that the full knowledge of the disjoined letters in the beginning of some Surahs is with Allah only.  Of course, we didn't need Ibn Kathir to tell us this.  It has been our approach since the beginning.  And regardless of Ibn Kathir's tafsir, I have no doubt that the 4 righteous Caliphs would have expressed the view that only Allah knows best.

So, except for the last point which is the only one that's acceptable based on its inconclusive nature, as usual Hadith has added quite a variety of other guesswork to this topic by trying to assert them beyond just opinions.  Needless to say that's anything but a good idea.
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