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About Imam Hassan

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Ruhi_Rose
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« on: September 15, 2018, 05:15:29 am »



As-salam Alaykum dear all.

Just for information .........

Is it true that the elder grandson of our beloved Prophet (pbuh), that is Imam Hassan, was fatally poisoned by his wife? 

Furthermore, can anyone please mention the biography of Imam Hassan that's closest to accuracy.  Most of our scholars and writers within Sunni sources have made a complete mess with a variety of fabrications, gossips and slander.  The Shiia sources contain quite a lot of contradictions.

Btw, Hassan was older than his brother Hussein, right?


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« Reply #1 on: September 15, 2018, 09:12:43 pm »



Walaiykum Salam sister Ruhi.

Answering the last part of your question first, yes Hassan was older than his brother Hussein.  Just a couple of years older. 

Imam Hassan bin Ali born Ramadan 3 AH.  In Christian era December 624 AD.
Imam Hussein bin Ali  born Shaban 4 AH.  In Christian calendar October 626 AD.
 
Yes again, Imam Hassan was poisoned by his wife whose name was Jadah in 50 AH or 669 AD at age 46 only.

I totally agree, it's not easy to find reliable information in this sphere.  I will keep it as authentic as I can from the best of my impartial researched knowledge.   Imam Hassan has been greatly maligned not just by the Ommayads but also the Abbasids.  All of the Prophet's (pbuh) direct descendants were viewed as political rivals by the succeeding dynasties. Hassan bin Ali has been the target of some of the most malicious false propaganda and slander.  The second Abbasid Khalifa, Mansur, went on major negative campaign accusing Imam Hasan of marrying and divorcing many times and claiming he was pleasure loving.  Opposite of the truth; these were precisely the hallmarks of several Ommayad and Abbasid Caliphs which they spun around to vilify and denigrate the righteous.  Not to mention the influx of smear from  medieval clerics like Ibn Taimiyah to the Salafists of today.  Some traditional sources have lied to the extent claiming the cause of the Imam's death was "harem jealousy."   Good grief!  There was no such thing as "harem" in a truly Islamic household and no question of it in the homes of members of the Prophet's family.  This libel is so weak and ridiculous that even the Imam's enemies were not able to play with it much.  These same sources have constructed his biography mentioning him as having anything between 10 to 15 wives whom he supposedly married and divorced.  Couldn't be farther from the truth.  He actually had two wives and then a third, Jadah, the one who carried out his murder.   According to more authentic and consistent reports, Imam Hasan had 3 wives altogether.  Jadah was his third wife from whom there were no children.  He had a number of children from the other two wives, one of them was Qassem who accompanied his uncle to Karbala and was martyred along with many others.  Reports differ on how many children he had, but is assumed to be between 8 and 12.

Also, it's been consistently reported (including Sunni sources) that Muawiyah bin Abu Sufian, the first Ommayad ruler, planned the Imam's murder.  During his reign there was a treaty according to which Imam Hassan would succeed him after his death.  That got Muawiyah anxious as he wanted his son, Yazid, to succeed him.  But the situation wasn't conducive for him to officially discard the treaty.  So it became necessary to eliminate Imam Hassan.  Muawiyah had this work done through Imam Hassan's wife, Jada bint Al-Ashath.  Her father was already known to Muawiyah as both of them fought together against Imam Ali in the battle of Siffin.   Muawiyah secretly contacted Jadah through an agent, persuading her to put poison in the Imam's food (reportedly she put poison in honey which he consumed) in return for an attractive sum of money.  She agreed and carried out the crime. It's surmised that Hassan passed away within a couple of days after taking the poison as his condition deteriorated rapidly. From the severity of his sudden illness, he knew death was imminent and he also knew he was poisoned.  According to mainstream Shiia-Muslims, he quickly designated his brother Hussein as the third Imam and revealed only to his brother that he was poisoned.  It's not known if Imam Hassan knew who had poisoned him.  But it's highly likely he had guessed who.  However, the claim that Hasan designated his younger brother as "the Imam" days before his death is unlikely.  Neither Hasan nor his younger brother Hussein were into the concept of "imamat" coming from brother to brother or father to son.  They were simply very conscientious young men who did not want the political and social system based on Quranic ideology as demonstrated and implemented by the Final Messenger (pbuh) to be derailed by corrupt minds.   It is true that during this period he did tell his younger brother, Hussein, to bury him next to his grandfather, the Prophet (pbuh).  This was Imam Hassan's heartfelt desire.  Hussein made the arrangements to fulfill his elder brother's last wish.  But the governor of Medinah who was appointed by Muawiyah did not allow this to happen.  It's reported that the governor  used military force to prevent Imam Hassan's burial next to the grave of the Prophet (pbuh).

History says that Imam Hassan was dearly missed in Medinah.  Initially the people of Medinah didn't know Muawiyah and Jadah were behind this murder.  They learned it gradually after Hussein became the third Imam.  Soon after, they also learned of Muwaiyah's scheme of appointing his son as his successor.

Sunni sources admit that Imam Hasan was poisoned by his wife Jadah, but some have opined that she did it on her own, and that Muawiyah didn't instigate her. But there are also various other Sunni sources that acknowledge this isn't correct.  Muawiyah had an obvious motive.  He did play foul, collaborating with the Imam's wife and bribing her to murder her husband.

There's one very specific report (Al-Majlisi MB. Bihar al-Anwar, Volume 44, Chapter 22. 1st ed. Beirut: Al-Wafaa' Foundation [in Arabic], 1983) which says that from Damascus, Muawiyah contacted the Byzantine emperor in present-day Turkiye requesting him to send "poison" which could be mixed with a drink.  In exchange for some political favors, the Byzantine emperor agreed.  Arab-Byzantine relations were reportedly very hostile in the year 669 AD, the year of Imam Hassan's death.  That region of the Byzantine empire produced plenty of mercury.  They say there were at least 50 mines in the region that contained minerals with deposits of mercury that were used for "extracting metals by amalgamation" and was highly toxic.  Mercury was widely used as poison for eliminating rivals and enemies in many places around the world during the middle-ages.  Most likely it was mercury which Muawiyah acquired from the Byzantine emperor that was used for murdering the Imam.  According to various independent reports, after consuming the poisoned food, the Imam vomited blood and his skin turned greenish within hours. 


Below is an illustration of this incident by a Middle-Eastern (Iranian) artist taken from Pinterest:


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« Reply #2 on: September 15, 2018, 09:51:22 pm »



Walaikum Salaam sister and brother.   Plenty of thanks for this very interesting piece of writing br. TS.  I never knew that Imam Hassan was poisoned.  Everything you wrote sounds very logical and balanced.  The major suspect in every murder case is the one who has the biggest motive.  Unagruably, Muawiyah's motive in this situation was of paramount importance to him and his immediate family.   If mercury was really the weapon for this murder, it's still more clear Muawiyah was behind it.   Otherwise it wouldn't be easy, if not impossible, for that woman to acquire such a substance on her own .. particularly back in those days. 

May Allah The Almighty grant peace and comfort to Hassan bin Ali and a wonderful spot in Paradise along with his grandfather, his younger brother and the rest of his family.  InshAllah, ameen.




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« Reply #3 on: September 15, 2018, 10:03:24 pm »



Ameen, ameen.

Many thanks Sister Zeynab. 
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« Reply #4 on: September 16, 2018, 12:57:31 am »



Ameen ya Rab.

Bundle of thanks brother.  Very informative read. 

Somewhat like the death of Russian dissident, Alexander Litvinenko, in UK in 2006 after ingesting Polonium 210 leading to severe diarrhea, vomiting, extreme weakness .... died in hospital intensive care 2 or 3 weeks later with greenish skin and complete loss of hair.  And then blood and urine samples showed radioactive poison.  Unfortunately there were no such tests in the 7th century so killers got through scot-free, undetected.

You're right sister Zeynab.  That woman couldn't possibly have been alone in it.  Those buggers at the palace bribed and assisted her. 

Btw, weren't the Abbasids Hashmites too, I mean the same root as the Prophet's (pbuh) tribe?


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« Reply #5 on: September 16, 2018, 01:19:20 am »



Thanks Sister Ruhi. 

Yeah, I too remember that incident in UK around 2006 or so.  That person's skin had turned visibly green.

Abbasids descended from the family tree of the Prophet's paternal uncle, Abbas bin Abdel Muttalib.  He was Abdel Muttalib's youngest son or one of the youngest.  Though he was the Prophet's (pbuh) uncle, he was reportedly only 3 or 4 years senior to his nephew and embraced Islam after battle of Badr.  It was his descendants who founded the Abbasid caliphate in around 132 A.H. or 750 A.D.   So, yes, they were of Banu Hashim but descended from a different family ... and when it came of power and politics, they made no concessions for the Prophet's (pbuh) lineage as we can assess for ourselves. 



 
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« Reply #6 on: September 16, 2018, 01:22:39 am »



hummmm ...  Sad
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« Reply #7 on: September 16, 2018, 01:32:08 am »



Sorry for deflecting a bit from the actual topic, was it Musa bin Jafer who spent most of his life in prison as the 6th imam?
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« Reply #8 on: September 16, 2018, 01:37:45 am »


Yes sister, it was Musa bin Jafer al-Kazim who spent much of his time in Abbasid prisons.  He was the 7th imam.  According to reports, he died in prison the third he was imprisoned during the reign of Harun al-Rashid ..... rumors are he was poisoned too .. because some of his distant relatives got jealous of him and sent a false report to the Abbasid Caliph that Imam Jafar was planning to rebel against him.  Musa bin Jafer is regarded by Sunnis too as a renowned scholar.


Illustration of Musa bin Jafer al-Kazim in prison, taken from Pinterest.





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« Reply #9 on: September 16, 2018, 01:43:06 am »



Many thanks for the information brother. 

Those pieces of art you posted are excellent illustrative presentations.
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« Reply #10 on: September 16, 2018, 01:45:25 am »



Right ... those pieces of art display great talent. 
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« Reply #11 on: September 17, 2018, 05:19:14 am »



MashAllah, this is a very didactic and newsy thread with great art images.  Special thanks brother TS.   Yeah, I have read and heard about Imam Hassan's unnatural and very unfortunate death through poisoning by political rivals via the wife.  Some sources say the poison was either mercury or arsenic.  Arsenic was another very widely used poison in medieval times particularly in Europe during the rule of the Romans and later ..  just as deadly as mercury or worse.  It was used throughout  history as a potent poison to bump off kings and emperors and grab the inheritances of the wealthy.  Reportedly, the last Roman emperor, Nero, poisoned his brother with arsenic so he could become emperor in 55 AD.   

Arsenic was so widely used for targeting victims that it became known in     medieval Europe as the "poison of kings" and also the "king of poisons" .... LOL !! 


 
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« Reply #12 on: September 22, 2018, 04:19:32 am »



I think the likelihood of mercury is presumably more because of the Ommayad ruler's well-known contacts with the Byzantine ruler.  Nonetheless arsenic is also a possibility.

You're right, arsenic was very commonly used as a murder weapon in Europe in early and mid 2nd millennium.  Actually during European Renaissance, methods of poisoning were studied and learned like art or science. 

The poisoner's job was viewed as that of any other professional.  He took appointments from clients who wanted someone fatally poisoned.  The client would name the victim and then a contract would be made, the poisoner would then set the price and would be paid when the job was done.  Women married to wealthy men suddenly becoming wealthy widows were common incidents.
Poisoner's job was a family trait in medieval Europe, often with "high profile" criminal clients.  One of such clients who sought the poisoners' help to administer arsenic to several of his opponents was a pope in the 1400s - Pope Alexander VI - a notorious womanizer who had several mistresses and illegitimate children.

It was from the late 1700s when this sick profession gradually disappeared after methods of postmortem detection were discovered, particularly considering that there was capital punishment for murder in Europe back then.
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« Reply #13 on: September 22, 2018, 04:22:20 am »



Taubah!  human beings are such a destructive lot in this planet.
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« Reply #14 on: September 23, 2018, 02:55:53 am »



I never knew of that history of arsenic in medieval Europe.  Leaves me dumbstruck and shocked!   Indeed humans are a terribly destructive lot.   Even at present similar things happen just about everywhere in this sick earth where majority have no fear of Allah Almighty in their hearts.

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